Constructed wetlands have proven to be highly effective at wastewater treatment. They can achieve stringent water quality standards, with BOD removal of 85%, and fecal coliform removal of 95%. Studies show that they are effective at removing nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous. These systems are being used worldwide to protect groundwater and surface water resources, the simplicity of the design results in low operation and maintenance requirements. The wetland vegetation (ornamental and/or non-flowering) used in these systems give them the appearance of a flower garden, and the sub-surface flow minimizes odor and vector problems (mosquitoes) while eliminating contact with wastewater. The flowering area of the wetlands provide a natural habitat for birds and other forms of wildlife by attracting worms, bees and other small creatures.

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